What is PCOS (Polycystic ovaries syndrome)

PCOS Meaning

Polycystic ovarian syndrome commonly abbreviated as PCOS is the most common condition associated with female infertility. It is also called as PCOS disease or PCOD. PCOD full form is Polycystic ovary disease. It is more common among women in the age group of 18-35 years. In this condition, a hormonal imbalance affects the ovaries of women in their childbearing years making it difficult to conceive.

PCOS Symptoms

Polycystic ovarian syndrome symptoms seen are two or more of these:

• irregular or missed periods (menstrual irregularities)
• acne
• thinning scalp hair, similar to male pattern baldness
• excess hair growth on the face and body (hirsutism)
• Additional symptoms are mood changes and fatigue
  These symptoms occur because females with PCOS have higher levels of androgens (or male hormones). The hormonal imbalance can delay or stop regular ovulation (that is, hinder the release of reproductive eggs in females). This leads to reproductive issues such as irregular menses increasing the risk for female infertility. The USG (ultrasound report) shows enlarged ovaries with multiple cysts.

Women with PCOS commonly have insulin resistance. This means that the body can make insulin but cannot use it effectively. This leads to inflammation. PCOD problem among women increases their risk for Type 2 diabetes and heart disease. Many women are overweight or even obese. The risks for longterm complications of PCOS may reduce with a timely intervention which involves a weight loss regimen.

Long term complications of PCOS are:

• Type 2 diabetes,
• gestational diabetes,
• high blood pressure,
• heart disease and stroke,
• sleep apnea,
• anxiety, stress and depression,
• eating disorders,
• high bad cholesterol or LDL cholesterol, low HDL cholesterol (or good cholesterol),
• abnormal bleeding from uterus,
• endometrial cancer (or cancer of the uterine lining),
• Hypothyroidism occurs in some cases.

There is a correlation with excess weight. Being overweight or obese can worsen PCOD complications.

PCOS Causes

The exact cause is unknown. Most experts feel that genetics may play a role since a woman with PCOS is likely to have a mother or sister with the same.

Treatment

PCOD may last for several years or it may be lifelong. Medical treatment helps to manage the condition, but not give a cure.  Treatment with thyroid hormone may be beneficial for women who have laboratory or clinical evidence of hypothyroidism. Interventions to control insulin resistance or hyperinsulinemia with medical management can reverse PCOD symptoms. Sometimes doctors prescribe oral contraceptives.

Conventional treatment of PCOS includes diet and exercise to promote weight loss. In women who are obese, weight loss may improve insulin resistance, decrease androgen levels and hirsutism, and restore ovulation in some cases.

Diet and Exercise

Nutritional treatment involves the right PCOS diet, a positive lifestyle change and regular exercise. Weight loss counseling along with a personalized diet and lifestyle plan will help. Restrict total calories, limit refined carbs, and choose low glycemic index foods. Include high fiber foods in the daily diet, limit saturated fats. Get vitamin D levels checked and administer Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) as it is likely to be low. Using foods or supplements with Selenium and iodine is helpful.

For personalized guidance, consult only a qualified nutritionist and dietitian who will guide you to eat right and handle your food cravings.

About Author

Pallavi Pinge is a Clinical Nutritionist and Dietitian | Content Director & Editor for health websites | has a passion for digital health and enjoys promoting health and wellness. She’s the founder and director of Ambrosia Wellness, where she provides personalized nutrition counseling, education, and coaching to individuals with various health conditions.  You can follow her on her social media channels below to stay tuned in with the latest in health and wellness | Health Blog | Contact her for appointments |