Does cooking roti or phulka on direct flame cause Cancer?
The method in which phulka is made, is it cancerous?
Phulka, also known as roti or chapati, is a type of Indian flatbread that is commonly consumed in South Asian cuisine. The method used to make phulka involves heating the bread on a tava (griddle) until it puffs up and develops brown spots. Then the phulka is directly touched to the flame to cook it. This process involves high heat, which can cause concern about the potential for cancer.
Why cooking roti or phulka on a direct flame would not cause cancer?
Let us understand why cooking roti on a direct flame would not be carcinogenic.
1) The roti or flat bread is first partially cooked on the tawa on pan and then cooked for a matter for few seconds on the direct flame. That is unlikely to generate significant amounts of PAHs and HCAs (carcinogens) to lead to cancer.
PAH (Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) and HCA (Heterocyclic amines) are carcinogenic compounds. They are formed when meat, such as beef, pork, fish or poultry is cooked using high temperature cooking methods such as pan frying, or grilling directly over an open flame. High temperature cooking such as frying, baking, or broiling produces acrylamide. Research has shown that these carcinogens are produced when cooking time is at least for 15 mins or above. So, this answers our query that cooking roti or flat bread on direct flame is unlikely to be carcinogenic.
2) Proper ventilation or exhaust fan in the cooking space is important and can dilute any fumes generated.
There is no evidence to suggest that the traditional method of making phulka is cancerous. In fact, phulka is a healthy and nutritious food that is rich in complex carbohydrates and low in fat. The puffing of the bread is a result of the high temperature, which causes the moisture in the dough to turn into steam and puff up the bread.
Roti or Phulka Cooking and Cancer Summary
In summary, the traditional method of making phulka or roti is not cancerous. It is a healthy and nutritious food that can be enjoyed as part of a balanced diet.
Cancer risks of cooking roti on a gas hob have been overplayed so don’t panic.
Despite news doing the rounds that cooking roti on direct flame causes cancer, it is exaggerated.
Still, it is wise to understand that cooking methods and techniques matter which affects food quality and health. Hence, it is wise to contact us to learn healthy cooking techniques and eat a balanced diet plan by a qualified nutritionist or dietitian for your health needs.
Pallavi Pinge is a Clinical Nutritionist and Dietitian | Content Director & Editor for health websites | has a passion for digital health and enjoys promoting health and wellness. She’s the founder and director of Ambrosia Wellness, where she provides personalized nutrition counseling, education, and coaching to individuals with various health conditions. You can follow her on her social media channels below to stay tuned in with the latest in health and wellness | Health Blog | Contact her for appointments |
